What is it?

The Fishbone Diagram (sometimes called the Ishikawa diagram) is used to identify and list all the factors influencing the problem at hand.

Why is it useful?

• Captures and collates multiple perspectives from people with different backgrounds.
• Builds a shared understanding of the scope and scale of an issue.
• Prevents teams from jumping straight to “fix it” mode and only solving part of the problem.
• Sets up further root cause analysis, such as a Five Whys exercise.

Objective

To identify the scale and scope of issues and problem areas in any change process.

When would you use it?

• As a group problem analysis technique (also useful for individuals).
• Before a Five Whys Analysis to target one of the highlighted issues.
• When a team needs to fully understand a problem before moving into solution mode.

Resources required

• 30–45 minutes.
• 4–10 participants.
• A large sheet of paper on the wall.
• Marker pens (plus spares).
• Open space (no tables and chairs).
• A facilitator.

Process

1. Define the problem

The Facilitator writes the problem statement on the right-hand side of the paper.

2. Draw the backbone

Draw a straight horizontal line from left to right, pointing to the problem (the fish backbone).

3. Add main stems

Draw angled stems branching from the backbone at about 45°.

4. Identify key factors

After group discussion, agree 5–6 key factors or headings that contribute to the problem. Write one at the end of each stem.

5. Break down sub-factors

For each key factor, list subsidiary factors that influence it.

6. Brainstorm collectively

Work through each “bone” one by one, encouraging participants to contribute ideas and perspectives.

Secret Sauce

• Assign ownership of each branch to different participants so everyone facilitates part of the brainstorm. This builds engagement and team spirit.
• Keep the group away from discussing solutions. The focus must stay on analysing the whole picture.
• Use standard models to categorise the “bones” depending on your context:
  • 6 Ms (Manufacturing): Machine, Method, Material, Man Power, Measurement, Mother Nature.
  • 7 Ps (Marketing): Product/Service, Price, Place, Promotion, People, Positioning, Packaging.
  • 3 Ss (Service): Surroundings, Suppliers, Systems, Skills, Safety.